<p>Rankin Octagonal Barn is a historic octagonal barn located near Silverton, Jackson County, West Virginia. It was built about 1890, and is an eight-sided frame structure covered with vertical wide board siding. Each side of the octagon measures 24 feet in length. It features a central cupola to provide light and ventilation.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>Ripley Historic District is a national historic district located at Ripley, Jackson County, West Virginia. It encompasses 110 contributing buildings, one contributing site , and one contributing structure that include the commercial and civic core of the town, and surrounding residential buildings. It includes example of popular architectural styles of the late-19th and early- to mid-20th century, including Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, Art Moderne, Neo-Classical Revival, Italianate and Modern. Notable buildings include the USA Post Office, Phillips/Pfost House, Alpine Theater, Hockenberry Store building, Jackson County Courthouse , the Beymer House, and the Hinzman House. Located within the district is the separately listed Clerc-Carson House.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>Ravenswood "Old Town" Historic District is a national historic district located at Ravenswood, Jackson County, West Virginia. It encompasses 313 contributing buildings and two contributing structures, the Ohio River Rail Road Steel Pratt-through truss Bridge and Concrete bridge on State Route 68 over Sandy Creek. It includes the commercial and civic core of the town, and surrounding residential buildings. It includes example of popular architectural styles of the mid- to late-19th and early-20th century, including Greek Revival, Gothic Revival, Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, Italianate, Craftsman, and Bungalow. Notable buildings include the McIntosh Building, First Baptist Church , Randolph Building/Caldwell Building , the Grace Episcopal Church ; Our Savior Evangelical Lutheran Church , Ravenswood Community Center , and McIntosh House .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>Old Ravenswood School, also known as "1887 School," was a historic school building located at Ravenswood, Jackson County, West Virginia. It was built in 1887–1888, and was a two-story brick building with an irregular hipped roof with a truncated tower that, until 1971, supported a belfry. The school closed in 1968. The school has been demolished.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Holley Hills Estate, also known as Holley Hills Farm, is a historic home located near Alum Creek, Lincoln County, West Virginia. The house was built about 1885, and is a two-story, oak-frame ell structure. It features a two-story front porch of five bays, the upper tier of which is enclosed in a balustrade, and topped by a hipped roof. Also on the property, are six contributing buildings, including a tool shed, a two-room cellar-like structure, a grain storage building, and a barn.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Yosemite Transportation Company Office, also known as the Wells Fargo Office, was built in the Yosemite Valley of the USA state of California in 1910 to house facilities of motor stage and horse stage services between the nearest rail terminal at El Portal and Yosemite National Park. The rustic log structure also provided telegraph and express services.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The 1-1/2 story log structure measures 23 ft by 21 ft, with a prominent front porch, accented by a decorative log truss. The building is an example of the Rustic architecture as it was applied at Yosemite, with strips of cedar bark applied in a decorative pattern.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>After 1927 the importance of stage services declined with the completion of a paved automobile road into the valley, and the YTC Office became a clearinghouse for accommodations in the Yosemite Valley. In the late 1930s the building was converted to a residence.</p><br>
<p>The National Park Service management plan for the Yosemite Valley planned for the removal of buildings considered intrusive in the Old Yosemite Village area. The YTC building was designated for demolition during the Mission 66 program, but was instead moved to the Pioneer Yosemite History Center at Wawona in Yosemite National Park for preservation, part of an ensemble of other buildings moved from elsewhere in Yosemite.</p><br>
<p>The Yosemote Transportation Company Office was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 9, 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Julien Inscription Panel is a rock face in Arches National Park that has been marked by passers-by who have incised their names into the desert varnish on the sandstone rock of the vertical rock face. Most of the signatures have been added since 1900. The most significant inscription was left by Denis Julien, a French-American trapper who traveled throughout the American southwest, leaving his mark as he went. The Julien inscription dates to June 9, 1844. The site also includes some prehistoric petroglyphs.</p><br>
<p>The Julien Inscription Panel was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 7, 1988.</p><br>
<p>The Ringhoffer Inscription is located near Tower Arch in Arches National Park. The inscription commemorates the claimed discovery of Tower Arch by Alex Ringhoffer, who was one of the principal advocates for national park designation in the Arches region. The panel is located at the base of the arch, measuring 57 in by 42 in and reads:</p><br>
<p>Discovered BY MR. AND MRS. ALEX RINGHOFFER AND SONS 1922-3</p><br>
<p>The inscription is incised into the sandstone rock. The site includes Tower Arch and was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 6, 1988.</p><br>
<p>The Road Up Raritan Historic District is a 69 acre historic district located along River Road in the township of Piscataway in Middlesex County, New Jersey. It is north of Raritan Landing, once an important inland port on the Raritan River during the 18th and 19th centuries. The name is taken from an earlier colonial era name for what was once a Lenape path, Assunpink Trail that became a main road parallel to the river. Piscataway Township itself was formed on December 18, 1666 as one of the first seven townships in East Jersey, and is one of the oldest municipalities in the state. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 18, 1997, for its significance in architecture, military history, and exploration/settlement. The Metlar-Bodine House and the Cornelius Low House are also in the immediate vicinity.</p><br>
<h2>Contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>There are seven contributing properties in the district plus two properties that were previously listed.</p><br>
<p>The Elijah Cutler Behunin Cabin was built to house Elijah Cutler Behunin&#39;s family in 1883–84 in what is now Capitol Reef National Park in Wayne County, Utah, United States.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Behunins lived there for only a year, leaving for Fruita after a flood threatened the house and its fields. The one story sandstone structure measures 13 ft by 16.5 ft, with a single room. Elijah and his wife and their 13 children all lived within the home. The walls are sandstone covered with a plaster-cement wash. The roof structure is wood, covered with wood sheathing and bentonite clay. The cabin was renovated in the 1960s by the National Park Service and represents the most intact example of a settler cabin in Capitol Reef National Park.</p><br>
<p>The Behunin cabin was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 13, 1999.</p><br>
<p>The Matthias Smock House is a historic house located at 851 River Road in the township of Piscataway in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States. It was documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey  in 1938. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 4, 1973, for its significance in architecture.</p><br>
<p>It was listed as a contributing property of the Road Up Raritan Historic District in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>History and description</h2><br>
<p>Built by Matthias Smock in 1720, it is the earliest documented house in the county. He lived here until his death in 1727. His son John Smock inherited it and lived here until his death in 1791. It was in the Smock family until 1910. As stated in the nomination form: "it represents a carefully preserved and authentically restored example of early Dutch colonial architecture".</p><br>
<p>The 26th District Police and Patrol Station is a historic police station in the Kensington neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was designed by architect John T. Windrim  and built in 1896. It and is a three-story, "L"-plan, brownstone and brick building in the Renaissance style. It features a monumental arched entrance with terra cotta decorative elements, curved corner, copper entablature, wide frieze, and pitched roof. It housed a police station until 1969.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>It currently (Sep 2017) houses a branch of The Philadelphia Federal Credit Union.</p><br>
<p>The Cleveland Cultural Gardens are a collection of public gardens located in Rockefeller Park in Cleveland, Ohio. In 1896, John D. Rockefeller donated the land the Cleveland Cultural Gardens occupies today. The gardens are situated along East Boulevard & Martin Luther King Jr. Drive within the 276 acre of wooded parkland on the city&#39;s East Side. In total, there are 35 distinct gardens, each commemorating a different ethnic group whose immigrants have contributed to the heritage of the United States over the centuries, as well as Cleveland.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first garden of what would become known as the Cleveland Cultural Gardens was the Shakespeare Garden which was created in Rockefeller Park in 1916. This project inspired journalist Leo Weidenthal along with Charles J. Wolfram and Jennie K. Zwick to organize the Civic Progress League which became the Cultural Garden League by 1925. In 1926, the Hebrew Garden became the first member of the Cultural Garden League with other gardens quickly following suit. The group would fulfill the vision of many unique gardens honoring different communities that make up Cleveland. In the 1930s and 1940s, more gardens were added in part through the help of the Works Progress Administration and the City of Cleveland. Many of the early gardens represented European heritage due to the large number of European immigrants that made there way to Cleveland in the early 20th century. In 1952, the Cultural Garden League renamed itself the Cleveland Cultural Gardens Federation.</p><br>
<p>As of 2024, the Cultural Gardens Federation oversees over 30 garden sites. Various ethnic groups sponsor gardens that are representative of their culture. In each of the gardens, one will find fixtures and statues with inscriptions depicting significant figures in each country’s cultural history. Artists, composers, peacemakers, saints, scientists, and philosophers are among those depicted as statues in the garden. The Cleveland Cultural Gardens continues to expand and welcome new gardens that represent various cultures from around the world.</p><br>
<h2>The Gardens</h2><br>
<p>British Garden (1916)</p><br>
<p>Hebrew Garden (1926)</p><br>
<p>German Garden (1929)</p><br>
<p>Italian Garden (1930)</p><br>
<p>Slovak Garden (1932)</p><br>
<p>Slovenian Garden (1932)</p><br>
<p>Hungarian Garden (1934)</p><br>
<p>Polish Garden (1934)</p><br>
<p>American Garden (1935)</p><br>
<p>Czech Garden (1935)</p><br>
<p>Peace Garden of the Nations (1936)</p><br>
<p>Lithuanian Garden (1936)</p><br>
<p>Rusin Garden (1939)</p><br>
<p>Irish Garden (1939)</p><br>
<p>Greek Garden (1940)</p><br>
<p>Ukrainian Garden (1940)</p><br>
<p>Finnish Garden (1958)</p><br>
<p>Estonian Garden (1966)</p><br>
<p>Romanian Garden (1967)</p><br>
<p>African-American Garden (1977)</p><br>
<p>Chinese Garden (1985)</p><br>
<p>India Garden (2005)</p><br>
<p>Latvian Garden (2006)</p><br>
<p>Azerbaijan Garden (2008)</p><br>
<p>Serbian Garden (2008)</p><br>
<p>Armenian Garden (2010)</p><br>
<p>Syrian Garden (2011)</p><br>
<p>Croatian Garden (2012)</p><br>
<p>Albanian Garden (2012)</p><br>
<p>Turkish Garden (2016)</p><br>
<p>Russian Garden (2018)</p><br>
<p>Ethiopian Garden (2019)</p><br>
<p>Lebanese Garden (2019)</p><br>
<p>Vietnamese Garden (2020)</p><br>
<p>Pakistani Garden (2023)</p><br>
<p>Colombian Garden (in development)</p><br>
<p>French Garden (in development)</p><br>
<p>Egyptian Garden (in development)</p><br>
<p>Mexico Garden (in development)</p><br>
<p>Uzbek Garden (in development)</p><br>
<p>Korean Garden (in development)</p><br>
<p>Scottish Garden (in development)</p><br>
<p>Native American Garden (in development)</p><br>
<p>Peruvian Garden (in development)</p><br>
<h2>Further reading</h2><br>
<p>Rockefeller Park is a city park named in honor of oil magnate John D. Rockefeller Sr., located in Cleveland, Ohio. Part of the Cleveland Public Parks District, Rockefeller Park is immediately adjacent Wade Park to the southeast, and across Euclid Ave on its northwest border. Besides the distinction of being the largest park located completely within city limits, Rockefeller Park is a link in a chain of parkland that connects the heights region of the eastern suburbs to the citys lakefront. Following the path of Martin Luther King Jr. Drive and spanning a large section of Clevelands East Sides, the park runs in a northwesterly path between suburban Shaker Heights, bisecting the University Circle neighborhood and terminating at Gordon Park on the city&#39;s lakefront, opened to the public in 1897.</p><br>
<p>The park was dramatically expanded during the 1930s with labor provided by the Works Progress Administration. Landmarks found in Rockefeller Park include two separate entries on the National Register of Historic Places: one for its architecturally historic bridges, and one for its Cultural Gardens.</p><br>
<h2>Points of interest</h2><br>
<p>Cultural Gardens - one of park&#39;s two registrants found on the National Register of Historic Places, the Cultural Gardens serve to commemorate many of the ethnic groups who have enriched the city of Cleveland, as well as that of the United States.</p><br>
<p>Doan Brook - A seven-mile long stream that runs from suburban Shaker Lakes to Lake Erie, the brook was an essential feature in the establishment of the routing of the park.</p><br>
<p>Rockefeller Park Greenhouse - located at the northeastern edge of the park between Martin Luther King Jr. Drive and E.88th St, the greenhouse and its gardens occupy four acres and opened in 1905.</p><br>
<p>The Isaac Onderdonk House, also known as the Walter C. and Julia Meuly House, is a historic house located at 685 River Road in the township of Piscataway in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 30, 1973, for its significance in architecture.</p><br>
<p>It was listed as a contributing property of the Road Up Raritan Historic District in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>History and description</h2><br>
<p>Isaac Onderdonk and his wife Antie Rierson moved here in 1745. Their son Isaac was born in 1756. He married Sarah Smoch, who lived at the nearby Matthias Smock House. The two-story frame house remained in the Ondeerdonk family until 1929.</p><br>
<p>The Ephraim Fitz-Randolph House is a historic house located at 430 S. Randolphville Road in the Randolphville section of Piscataway in Middlesex County, New Jersey. Built in 1825, it was documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey in 1936. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 14, 1973, for its significance in architecture.</p><br>
<h2>History and description</h2><br>
<p>Benjamin F. Randolph, originally Fitz-Randolph, emigrated from England in 1684. His son Moleson settled in Middlesex County. His son Ruene&#39;s son Ephraim, born in 1786, was the builder of the two-story frame house. Staats F. Randolph purchased it in 1858.</p><br>
<p>The New Castle Court House Museum is the center of a circle with a 12-mile radius that defines most of the border between the states of Delaware and Pennsylvania and parts of the borders between Delaware and New Jersey and Maryland.</p><br>
<p>It is one of the oldest courthouses in the United States and has played a role in a number of historic events. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1972. The building is also a contributing property to a second National Historic Landmark, the New Castle Historic District. It is part of First State National Historical Park.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>The 12-Mile Circle</h3><br>
<p>In 1682, James, the Duke of York gave William Penn a deed for land consisting of a 12-mile circle around the town of New Castle. The borders established by this deed were almost immediately contested by Lord Baltimore, proprietor of the colony of Maryland, and thus began an 87-year legal struggle between the two families. Penn first commissioned a survey of the circle in 1701. As part of the boundary dispute, the two families created a Commission led by Governor Patrick Gordon of Pennsylvania and Governor Samuel Ogle of Maryland, and the Commission met in the New Castle Court House four times in 1732 and 1733. A subsequent Commission, including William Allen and Benjamin Chew met in the Court House in 1750, where it was agreed by both sides that the cupola of the Court House building would be used as the center of the 12-mile circle. The Commission met in the Court House again in 1751 and 1760. The final survey of the borders as part of the boundary dispute was conducted in 1763 by Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, who ran a series of chains on a straight 12-mile line from the Court House. Their Mason–Dixon line has been used as the unofficial dividing line between the north and the south. The Penns and Calverts agreed to the results of the Mason-Dixon survey, and their border dispute was resolved when the British crown ratified the border in 1769. The circle was surveyed again in 1849 by the Army&#39;s Corps of Topographical Engineers, and again in 1892 by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey.</p><br>
<p>The borders created by the 12-mile circle were also heavily contested by New Jersey beginning in 1820, when New Jersey disputed Delawares cessation of Pea Patch Island to the United States government since the island was primarily on the New Jersey side of the river. Secretary of War John C. Calhoun requested a legal opinion from Attorney General William Wirt. Wirts conclusion, based on a report by George Read Jr. and former Attorney General Caesar A. Rodney was that the state of Delaware had the valid claim. After conflicting opinions from two different circuit courts on the issue, President James K. Polk intervened in 1847 and suggested an arbitrator resolve the disagreement. John Sergeant was appointed arbitrator, and in Independence Hall heard arguments from the United States (represented by Senators John M. Clayton and James A. Bayard Jr.) and a citizen of New Jersey (represented by former Secretary of War John Eaton and former Secretary of the Treasury George M. Bibb) regarding the history of colonial deeds and the origin of the Twelve-Mile Circle. Sergeant ruled that the deed for the circle was valid and the island had belonged to the state of Delaware.</p><br>
<p>New Jersey contested the circle&#39;s borders again in 1872, when Delaware arrested several New Jersey fishermen and New Jersey claimed ownership of the Delaware River up to the middle point. The issue has been adjudicated by the United States Supreme Court several times (primarily in 1877, 1934, and 2007) in cases named New Jersey v. Delaware, and the extensive history of the circle and border dispute were documented by Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo in the 1934 case.</p><br>
<h3>Colonial and early American history</h3><br>
<p>The oldest known courthouse on the site dates back to 1687. The building was originally both a courthouse and a seat of government, as the building was used by the colonial assembly. During the years when Pennsylvania and Delaware shared an assembly, it generally met in Philadelphia, but occasionally met in New Castle instead, such as in 1684 and 1690. In 1700, the Pennsylvania colonial assembly met in the recently constructed Court House, with William Penn in attendance. In addition to the routine passing of laws, Penn&#39;s primary focus during the 1700 session was healing a rift that had developed between the assemblymen from Pennsylvania proper and those from Delaware.</p><br>
<p>This attempt was unsuccessful. In 1704, after the Pennsylvania counties sought to expand their representation in the assembly, the three Delaware counties demanded, and were granted, an independent assembly so they could pass their own laws. They chose William Rodney, grandfather of Caesar Rodney, as their first Speaker. From that year on, the assembly that met in the Court House governed Delaware alone.</p><br>
<p>This earlier building was mostly destroyed by a fire in 1729 caused by a prisoner&#39;s attempt to escape. The Court House was rebuilt on the same site within a year, and the foundation of the original is still visible.</p><br>
<p>In 1774, the assembly met here and chose three of Delawares most famous politicians to represent the colony in the Continental Congress: Thomas McKean, Caesar Rodney, and George Read. It was in this building that the assembly, at McKeans urging, voted on June 13, 1776 to sever all ties with England as well as the state of Pennsylvania, with which Delaware still shared a governor. The assembly resolved that:</p><br>
<p>Whereas it is become absolutely necessary for the safety, protection, and happiness of the good people of this colony, forthwith to establish some authority adequately to the exigency of their affairs, until a new government can be formed; and Whereas the representatives of the people, in this assembly met, alone can and ought at this time, to establish such temporary. Resolved unanimously, that all persons holding any office, civil or military, in this colony, on the 13 day of June instant, may and shall continue to execute the same, in the name of the</p><br>
<p>government of the Counties of New Castle, Kent, and Sussex Upon Delaware, as they used legally to exercise it in the name of the King, until a new government shall be formed, agreeable to the resolution of Congress of 15 May instant.</p><br>
<p>When the Congress issued the Declaration of Independence, it was read to the citizens of the town from the balcony on the second floor. Later in 1776, Delawares first Constitution was drafted and adopted by a convention including Read, McKean, and Nicholas Van Dyke inside the Court House. This was the first adoption of a state constitution following the issuance of the Declaration. The building served as the states first capitol until 1777, when Philadelphia and Wilmington were captured by the British. In light of the danger, Delaware&#39;s government moved south, establishing Dover as the new capital city. The building continued to house both state and federal judicial proceedings until 1888.</p><br>
<p>In 1804, when Benjamin H. Latrobe (the designer of the United States Capitol) was living in New Castle, the architect performed a survey and designed a town plan along with his apprentices Robert Mills (later designer of the Washington Monument) and William Strickland (architect of the Second Bank of the United States). The streets around the Court House were regraded so that it would loom above street level as a result of the town plan Latrobe devised. As part of this survey, the architects drew detailed images of the New Castle Court House that were used for later restorations.</p><br>
<h3>Impeachment of Samuel Chase</h3><br>
<p>In 1800, USA Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase convened a grand jury at the New Castle Court House and sought indictments against seditious newspapers under the Alien and Sedition Acts. The grand jury declined to issue any indictments, but Chase refused to release them from service, insisting he was aware of at least one seditious newspaper and ordering files of the towns newspapers brought in for the jury to review as evidence. The justice was not an impartial party, as the seditious activity he wanted indicted was a local printers criticisms of Chase himself, over the justice&#39;s attacks on free speech rights. Chase was furious at the refusal to indict, complaining "that... he could not get a single man indicted in Delaware, while he could in every other place."</p><br>
<p>In 1804, Chase became the first, and only, Justice of the Supreme Court impeached by the House. One of the eight articles of impeachment focused on the justices conduct in the New Castle Court House. Delawares USA Representative Caesar A. Rodney was one of the House&#39;s impeachment managers. The House alleged that Chase had been engaged in a witch hunt to silence Democratic opposition, and that he had abused his authority by refusing to release the grand jury in New Castle. The article of impeachment stated that Chase, "did descend from the dignity of a judge and stoop</p><br>
<p>to the level of an informer by refusing to discharge the grand jury, although entreated by several of the said jury so to do," and quoted his words to the grand jury in saying that he:</p><br>
<p>... understood "that a highly seditious temper had manifested itself in the State of Delaware among a certain class of people, particularly in Newcastle County, and more especially in the town of Wilmington, where lived a most seditious printer, unrestrained by any principle of virtue, and regardless of social order, that the name of this printer was..." --but checking himself, as if sensible of the indecorum which he was committing, added "that it might be assuming too much to mention the name of this person, but it becomes your duty, gentlemen, to inquire diligently into this matter," or words to that effect</p><br>
<p>Chase defended himself by stating that if he was aware of a federal law having been broken, it was his duty to bring it to the attention of the court. The Senate found Chase not guilty on each count of impeachment.</p><br>
<p>Though the attempt to remove Chase was unsuccessful, Rodney fared well, as he was considered the strongest speaker of the managers. The Virginia Law Register stated, "The Managers were entirely overmatched, and with the exception of Rodney, of Delaware, won no praise." He gave one of the closing arguments of the trial, in which he stated, "Give any human being judicial power for life, and annex to the exercise of it the kingly maxim that he can do no wrong, you may call him a judge or justice, no matter what is the appellation, and you transform him into a despot." Two years later, President Thomas Jefferson appointed Rodney USA Attorney General.</p><br>
<h3>Penn&#39;s heirs</h3><br>
<p>Presiding over the case was USA Judge Gunning Bedford Jr. and Justice Samuel Chase. After hearing the legal arguments from each side, Chase determined that the repeal of the 1801 Act left the court without authority to decide the case, and he dismissed it with a memorable opinion:</p><br>
<p>The question is whether this Court now have a jurisdiction, not whether they have had. The question is very different whether Judicial power extends to a particular case & whether the jurisdiction of a particular Court embraces the case. Congress has certainly power to vary a jurisdiction created by Statute—tho not by Constitution. The question here is whether there is a statutory jurisdiction. This is to be determined by the consideration whether we are to be governed by Statute in force or repealed. The Act of 1801 is repealed without a saving. This is not an ex post facto law—it is retrospective as to rights, I agree, but against no part of the Constitution. I know that in England construction has gone a great way in construction of the words of Statutes. This doctrine I explode. If the words of Statutes are clear, I am bound, tho the provision be unjust. This I hold to be the duty of an American Judge. A Judge has in this Country only to say Sic lex est scripta. Here is a Statute which gave a jurisdiction. It has been repealed. What are we to do. No power remains. The law repealed is dead & is as if it never existed.</p><br>
<p>The Penns had Lord Gambier bring the claim up to Bayard when the two were negotiating the Treaty of Ghent, but Bayard claimed he had no authority to negotiate the issue, and the Penns made no further legal attempts at the claim.</p><br>
<h3>Garrett and Hunn trials</h3><br>
<p>One of the building&#39;s most famous of judicial proceedings was a series of trials which took place in 1848. Prominent abolitionists and Underground Railroad conductors Thomas Garrett (a close friend and ally of Harriet Tubman) and John Hunn were put on trial for violating the Fugitive Slave Act. The trial was presided over by USA Chief Justice Roger Taney. Garrett was defended by his friend USA Senator John Wales. The prosecution was handled by James A. Bayard Jr., son of USA Senator James A. Bayard Sr. (negotiator of the Treaty of Ghent) and grandson of Richard Bassett (one of the drafters of the USA Constitution). The trials mostly served to harden the feelings over slavery of each of the men involved.</p><br>
<p>Justice Taney&#39;s instructions to the jury left little choice but a conviction:</p><br>
<p>To entitle the plaintiff to a verdict in this case, it is necessary for him to have proved property of the slaves. This has not been contradicted by the defense. It only remains then to prove that they escaped, and that the defendant harbored them, knowing them to be slaves. It does not require absolute knowledge on the part of the defendant that these persons were slaves. If, at the time, or before he harbored them, circumstances came to his knowledge sufficient to put a prudent man upon his inquiry, it is "knowingly harboring" within the meaning of the act of Congress, and makes him liable to the penalty.</p><br>
<p>Both Garrett and Hunn were found guilty and were issued fines heavy enough to bankrupt both men. Despite the fines, Garrett and Hunn defiantly declared they would continue helping slaves escape to freedom. Upon hearing Taney&#39;s punishment, Garrett gave a speech to the courtroom in which he stated:</p><br>
<p>I now pledge myself, in the presence of this assembly, to use all lawful and honourable means to lessen the burdens of this oppressed people, and endeavour, according to ability furnished, to burst their chains asunder, and set them free; not relaxing my efforts on their behalf while blessed with health and a slave remains. After mature reflection, I can assure this assembly it is my opinion at this time that the verdicts you have given the prosecutors against John Hunn and myself, within the past few days, will have a tendency to raise a spirit of inquiry throughout the length and breadth of the land, respecting this monster evil (slavery), in many minds that have not heretofore investigated the subject. The reports of those trials will be published by editors from Maine to Texas, and the far West; and what must be the effect produced? It will, no doubt, add hundreds, perhaps thousands, to the present large and rapidly increasing army of Abolitionists. The injury is great to us who are the immediate sufferers by your verdict; but I believe the verdicts you have given against us within the last few days will have a powerful effect in bringing about the abolition of slavery in this country—this land of boasted freedom, where not only the slave is fettered at the South by his lordly master, but the white man at the North is bound as in chains to do the bidding of his Southern masters.</p><br>
<p>After the trials, Garrett corresponded with Harriet Beecher Stowe, and four years later she used the events as the inspiration for some of the scenes in her novel Uncle Toms Cabin. Garrett was the primary basis for the character of Simeon Halliday. Stowe also described the trials and recounted her correspondence with Garrett in her book A Key to Uncle Toms Cabin, where she noted, "The writer had in mind, at the time of writing, the scenes in the trial of Garret, of Wilmington, Delaware, for the crime of hiring a hack to convey a mother and four children from Newcastle jail to Wilmington." By the time the Civil War broke out, Garrett had helped 2,700 slaves escape to freedom. Hunn served with the Freedmen&#39;s Bureau, and his son was elected Delaware governor and oversaw state approval of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the Constitution.</p><br>
<p>Taney would go on to author the decision in the famous Dred Scott case in 1857, which held that blacks could not be considered American citizens. Bayard later defeated Wales again in 1850 when he won election to the Senate, where he became one of the fiercest critics of the loyalty oaths and where he voted to acquit President Andrew Johnson in his impeachment trial.</p><br>
<h2>Museum and National Park</h2><br>
<p>The Court House was opened as a museum by the state of Delaware in 1963. The building is now part of First State National Historical Park. The parks headquarters and visitors center will be located in the Sheriffs House adjacent to the Court House. The National Historical Park was created to preserve and interpret the unique history of the regions colonization by the Swedes, Dutch, and English, and Delaware&#39;s role in establishing the United States leading up to it becoming the first state.</p><br>
<p>Chelsea is a historic home located near West Point, King William County, Virginia. It was built in 1709, and consists of a two-story, brick main block with a hipped roof and -story, gambrel roofed rear ell. In 1764, Thomas Jefferson attended the wedding of an old friend, John Walker, at Chelsea; sources commonly say  that he later repeatedly made improper advances to his friends wife, all of which she rejected. In 1781, shortly before the Battle of Yorktown, Lafayettes army camped at Chelsea, and the Marquis de Lafayette used the house as his headquarters.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969.</p><br>
<p>Horn Quarter is a historic home located near Manquin, King William County, Virginia. It was built about 1830, and is a two-story, three bay by three bay, rectangular brick dwelling in the Federal style. It has a double-pile, central hall plan and is set on a brick foundation. The front facade features its original tetrastyle Roman Doric order pedimented portico with paired stuccoed columns and pilasters.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>King William Training School, also known as the Pamunkey Baptist Association Building and King William Training Academy, is a historic Rosenwald school complex located at King William, King William County, Virginia. The complex was built in 1922–1923, and consists of the school, a home economics building, a shop building , and the girls’ privy .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>The King William Academy had its inception through a vision activated by the Reverend Dr. Samuel B. Holmes, a former pastor of the Third Union Baptist Church. The King William Academy was initially erected on the property of Dr. Holmes and his wife, Martha Bundy Holmes. Students throughout King William and King & Queen Counties attended the school with some students actually boarding with the Holmes&#39; and other families in close proximity to the Academy.</p><br>
<p>Sharon Indian School, also known as Indian View, is a historic school building located at King William, King William County, Virginia. The original 1919 Sharon School was a one-room, vernacular frame structure raised on brick piers. It was built for members of the Upper Mattaponi tribe, led by Mollie Holmes Adams and her husband, Jasper. The original school is thought to have been razed around 1964. The extant 1952 Sharon School was designed by architect C.W. Huff, Jr., in association with architect Edward F. Sinnott . It is a one-story, brick building with Hopper-style windows and assumes a vaguely International Style-inspired appearance.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>Mount Columbia is a historic home located near Manquin, King William County, Virginia. It was built in two sections; the rear section was built about 1790 and the front was added about 1835. It is a two-story, five-bay, rectangular brick dwelling in the Federal style. The front section has a single-pile, central hall plan. Also on the property are the contributing brick kitchen dependency, a family cemetery and the vestiges of a formal garden.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>Roseville Plantation, also known as Floyd&#39;s, is a historic plantation home located near Aylett, King William County, Virginia. The main house was built in 1807, and is a -story, four-bay, frame dwelling in the Federal style. It sits on a brick foundation and is clad in weatherboard. Also on the property are the contributing one-story, one-bay detached frame kitchen; a one-story, two-bay frame school; a large, one-story, single-bay frame granary; a privy, a 1930s era barn, and two chicken houses, of which one has been converted to an equipment shed. The property also includes a slave cemetery and Ryland family cemetery.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>Sweet Hall is a historic former plantation house for which the existing location Sweet Hall, Virginia is named. The only surviving house in the county with upper cruck roof framing , it has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1977.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1655 and 1677, land in King William County (then part of New Kent County now only across the Pamunkey River), was patented on behalf of Thomas Claiborne (1647-1683) the son of powerful merchant and politician William Claiborne (d. 1676) who served as the colonys secretary and sat on the Virginia Governors Council. Because many county records were destroyed over time, the exact location of that Thomas Claibornes patent is unknown, but members of the Claiborne family established Romancoke plantation (which later served as the familys main plantation) in that era, and his brother William Claiborne Jr. served in the House of Burgesses. His son (William Claibornes grandson) Thomas Claiborne (1680-1732) helped found the town of West Point (then known as "Dillaware Town") and resided at Sweet Hall as the century ended and the new century began. By 1720 that Thomas Claiborne lived at Sweet Hall and received legislative approval to operate a ferry between Sweet Hall and "Tanks Queens Creek" (which the legislature reaffirmed in 1748 as to "Claiborne Goochs"). His son Thomas Claiborne (1704-1735) moved westward to become clerk of Stafford County, but was buried at Sweet Hall, as was his father. Nathaniel Claiborne (d. 1756) inherited and lived at Sweet Hall, and he and his widow operated the ferry.</p><br>
<p>Nathaniel Claiborne and his wife had two daughters who married sons of Robert Ruffin. The Ruffin family, likewise one of the First Families of Virginia, had extensive landholdings in many counties and held many political offices. By 1773, Robert Ruffin offered the 400 acre plantation for sale, stating that he had bought it from a trust (possibly foreclosed mortgage) held by Roger Gregory. Apparently, no buyer could be found, for James Ruffin insured the Sweet Hall house in 1801.</p><br>
<p>Following the depredations of the War of 1812, William George Vidal bought the house and insured it with no deductions for bad repair. However, he committed suicide there, so the property was again advertised for sale in 1829. It was later acquired by Capt. Sterling Lipscombe and his son in law R.T. Puller owned it in 1897. The Palmer family bought the property in 1924 and family members continued to own it as least through its National Register listing in 1977.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The -story, asymmetrical T-shaped brick dwelling is a noteworthy example of pre-Georgian architecture. The front facade is five bays wide and the house is topped by a rare upper cruck, or curved-principal, gable roof with dormers.</p><br>
<p>Windsor Shades  is located on the Pamunkey River in Sweet Hall, Virginia, United States. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Archeological native artifacts found on the property surrounding the house suggest it was the site of Kupkipcok, a Pamunkey village noted on John Smiths 1609 map.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The property&#39;s land title is not clear, owing to the destruction of King William County records, but the house is assumed to have been built around 1750. It is a story-and-a-half, 5 bay gambled roofed, frame structure covered with beaded weatherboards and set on a low, stone and English-bond brick basement. The house has striking massive Flemish-bond brick chimney stacks at either end. In the basement is a large tavern room with reportedly one of the largest interior cooking hearths in Tidewater, Virginia. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. In 1999 two wings were added on either side of the main block with little alteration of the original structure.</p><br>
<p>In 1754, Captain Thomas Dansie established a ferry at the site and operated a tavern in the house. The ferry was in operation until 1927 when a bridge was built in West Point. During the years the house was operated as a tavern with a ferry crossing, it was frequented by many notable travelers such as George Washington, who patronized it from the 1750s on his Burgess Route to Williamsburg. In August 1781, the Marquis de Lafayette crossed the Pamunkey by ferry with 4,500 troops. He spent two weeks in King William County, moving between Windsor Shades and Chelsea Plantation. On September 13, 1781, Washington and Rochambeau crossed the Pamunkey at Ruffin&#39;s Ferry en route to the battle of Yorktown.</p><br>
<p>The current owners purchased the property in 1998. In 2009, they donated a historic easement on Windsor Shades and its surrounding 14 acres to the Virginia Department of Historic Resources.</p><br>
<p>Wyoming is a historic home located near Studley in King William County, Virginia. Built about 1800 for the Hoomes family, the two-story, five-bay frame dwelling is in the Georgian style with a single-pile, central hall plan set on a brick foundation. The house is topped by a clipped gable roof with a standing-seam sheet metal surface and modillion cornice. It measures 55 feet long and 25 feet deep.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>St. Johns Church is a historic Episcopal church located near Sweet Hall, King William County, Virginia, United States. It was constructed in 1734 and is a one-story, T-shaped brick building. It measures 50 feet, 3 inches, by 20 feet, 2 inches, with a 24 feet wide, 28 feet, 9 inch, wing. St. Johns is the</p><br>
<p>only surviving colonial church in King William County to remain in the Episcopal charge. This church is also important in that it is associated with Carter Braxton, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, who regularly attended worship there.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>West Point Historic District is a national historic district located at West Point, King William County, Virginia. The district encompasses 75 contributing buildings and 1 contributing object in the town of West Point. The district includes residential, commercial, and institutional buildings and is notable for its variety of late-19th- and early-20th-century styles and building types. Notable buildings include the William Mitchell House , Anderson-Mayo House , Ware House , St. Johns Episcopal Church , Mt. Nebo Baptist Church , West Point United Methodist Church , OConnor Hotel and annex , Treat-Medlin House , Gouldman House , First Baptist Church , USA Post Office , West Point Town Office Building, Citizens and Exchange Bank , and Beverly Allen School .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>St. Paul&#39;s Episcopal Church is a historic Episcopal church building located on High Street in Hicksville, Ohio, United States.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Based on Carpenter Gothic style designs supplied by Joseph C. Talbot, bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Indiana, it was built in 1873 by Alfred Peck Edgerton, developer of Hicksville and former United States Congressman from Ohio. Although the church lacks the lancet windows usually found in Carpenter Gothic churches, it does feature the steep sloping roof, board and batten siding, rosette window and lancet-shaped front entrance that are typical of such buildings.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Consecrated on October 17, 1875, the church is still owned by the Episcopal Diocese of Ohio, although it is no longer an active parish. The building is maintained by the Hicksville Historical Society which in 1976 rescued it from a state of disrepair. It is still used occasionally for weddings and other events. On June 7, 1976, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Farmers Bank is the first bank museum of its kind found in Virginia. Farmers Bank was incorporated in 1812 and the Petersburg, Virginia branch opened in 1817.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The three-story building, built in the Federal style, was a frequent meeting place for the community. The bank maintained operations through the American Civil War and closed by order of the Virginia General Assembly in 1866.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. It is located in the Petersburg Old Town Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>The property served various functions throughout the next hundred years, until it was acquired by Preservation Virginia in the 1960s. Preservation Virginia undertook restoration of the building, and reopened it as a museum and visitors center.</p><br>
<p>The building now houses the Petersburg Visitors Center. Visitors can see a printing press and scales for weighing gold. The living quarters on the third floor has also been restored.</p><br>
<p>The Frances Building and Echo Theater in southeast Portland in the USA state of Oregon is a property listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Built in 1911, it was added to the register in 1994. The Frances Building is a two-story structure that faces Southeast Hawthorne Boulevard, while the Echo Theatre is a one-story structure facing Southeast 37th Avenue. The adjoining buildings, constructed as parts of a single project, are separated by a party wall.</p><br>
<p>Investor Rudolph Christman, who financed construction of the project, named the Frances Building in honor of his wife. It was the first commercial structure built along Hawthorne Boulevard between Southeast 20th and 39th avenues. Other commercial development soon followed, enhanced by the growth of nearby residential areas and construction of trolley lines to serve them. The original first floor of the Frances Building was home to a barber shop, and a dry goods store, a candy store, and a drug store. The second floor included offices and living quarters. Through many decades, commerce has continued on the first floor; seven apartments occupy the second floor.</p><br>
<p>Entered originally from Hawthorne via a passage through the Frances Building, the Echo Theater was a movie house. Facing competition from the nearby Bagdad Theater, which opened across the street in 1927, the Echo Theater closed, and its entrance was moved to 37th Avenue side. Storage and plumbing companies used the space until 1984, when it again became a theater. Echo Theater Company now serves the public by providing access educational circus and circus theater from the beginning to professional level.</p><br>
<p>The Peabody Downtown Historic District is a historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places  in 1998. It is located in Peabody, Kansas.</p><br>
<p>Significant contributing buildings in the district include:</p><br>
<p>City Building (1886)</p><br>
<p>Old Peabody Library (separately NRHP-listed)</p><br>
<p>Peabody Township Carnegie Library (separately NRHP-listed)</p><br>
<p>Morgan House (1881) (separately NRHP-listed)</p><br>
<p>Kansas State Bank Building (1887)</p><br>
<p>Harvey House of Florence, Kansas, United States, also known under the older name of Clifton Hotel, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places  in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The current building is part of the first Fred Harvey House, of the Fred Harvey Company, which stood south of the Santa Fe railroad tracks until the early 20th century. The existing structure was the original part of the Clifton Hotel that was erected to serve passengers of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway as a permanent eating station and hotel for passengers. This Harvey House is notable, since it was the first one to provide sleeping facilities. The Harvey House was built in 1876, closed in 1900, operations were transferred to Newton, currently it is a museum.</p><br>
<h2>TV</h2><br>
<p>Feasting on Asphalt, 2006, season 1 episode 3 titled "High Plains Feaster", 7.5 minutes of video while Alton Brown visited the Spring Fling event and Harvey House in Florence.</p><br>
<p>Buckelew Mansion, also known as Lakeview, is a historic home in Jamesburg, Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States. It now serves as a museum of local history and the headquarters of the Jamesburg Historical Association.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A single room at its creation in 1685, the residence expanded over following centuries to become the 23 room mansion it is today. The single-story structure became two during the ownership of James Buckelow, who took up residence with his new wife in 1829 and expanded the house to accommodate his growing family and reflect his community prestige. A third story was added during the 1870s.</p><br>
<p>The mansion was listed on the New Jersey Register of Historic Places and National Register of Historic Places in 1979 as the Ensley-Mount-Buckalew House.</p><br>
<p>The General Squier Memorial Park is a park located at 4725 South Mill Road in Dryden Township in southeastern Lapeer County, Michigan. It was designated as a Michigan Historic Site on June 6, 1977 and later added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 5, 1986, as the Dryden Community Country Club–General Squier Historic Park Complex. The site is also known locally as the General George Squier Club or General Squier County Park.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1840, the Maynard Brothers built the first flouring mill in the township near this site. The mill was extensively used until 1870, when it burned. In 1871, they rebuilt the mill at this site. By the turn of the century, the mill had begun deteriorating. However, in 1917, Dryden native Major General George Owen Squier purchased the mill and a surrounding tract of 200 acres. Squier had plans to develop the property into a summer home and into a public park - what he referred to as a free "Country Club for Country People". Squier refurbished the mill and built Forest Hall and a cottage in 1917, and added a two-story wooden lookout tower and tea house in 1920.</p><br>
<p>Squier opened his Dryden Community Country Club in 1918, with no charge for admission. He built his own cottage on the site in 1920, and although he maintained homes in Washington DC and St Petersburg Florida, he returned to Dryden each summer. Over the years, he added other recreational equipment to the park. Squier died in 1934, and his sister, Mary Squier Park, deeded the property to Lapeer County. The property was renamed in Squier&#39;s honor and continues to this day as a free recreational facility, which now includes a waterpark situated next to the old mill.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The oldest structure on the 80 acre (33 hectare) site is a three-story timber mill dating to 1871. Squier restored the mill for use as a facility for family reunions, educational and club meetings, and social gatherings. Also on the site is a cottage, originally built in 1917, which is a single story, wood-framed and clapboard-sheathed bungalow with a low-pitched gable roof and wraparound porch. Originally a caretakers cottage, the building was moved to its present site in 1931 after Squiers cottage burned. Also built in 1917 was Forest Hall, a wood-framed and clapboard-sheathed one-story building measuring 100 feet in by 60 feet. Inside is a kitchen, bathroom, and low stage. Squier constructed this building as the main facility for meetings, dances, and banquets. Also on the grounds are a 1917 pavilion and a two-story wooden lookout tower and tea house built in 1920.</p><br>
<p>The Ohio Theatre is located at 3112 Lagrange St in the Toledos Polish International Village of Toledo, Ohio. Built in 1921, it is Toledos last operating neighborhood theatre. This three-story brick and stone masonry building comprises 8,000 ft&sup2; and features stadium seating, the original Mighty 90 carbon arc 35mm movie projectors, and the Marr and Colton pipe organ originally installed in the razed Rivoli Theatre in downtown Toledo. The theatre has a spacious 40 by 60 thrust stage with a 10 by 20 orchestra platform. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Ohio Theatre is located in Toledos Polish International Village on Lagrange Street, the center of Toledos largest concentration of people of Polish ancestry for over 130 years. The Ohio Theatre is a tremendous neighborhood asset and historical treasure that contributes to the uniqueness of the Lagrange Street business district. For generations, the Ohio Theatre has been a source of entertainment for Toledo area residents — from vaudeville and silent films, to movies and weekly serials, and even performing arts.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Ohio Theatre was built by the Lagrange Street Amusement Company, opening its doors on February 28, 1921, featuring the Douglas Fairbanks film, The Mark of Zorro. Admission, including the War Tax, was 25 cents for adults and 15 cents for children. It was the largest neighborhood theatre in the country at the time.</p><br>
<p>It is best remembered as a movie house and remains Toledo&#39;s only historic operating neighborhood theatre. In 1929 Toledo had 41 indoor movie houses. While the country was experiencing the Great Depression, movie houses such as the Ohio Theatre offered quite an entertainment value. The Ohio Theatre still features the original deluxe red brick façade with Greek columns, a loading dock with overhead doors, the original wood seats with the original aisle lighting, the original side wall sconces and the original projection booth with a newsreel work bench. It has the same footprint as when it was built in 1921.</p><br>
<p>The Lagrange Street Amusement Company was dissolved by court order in 1923 and sold at public auction to Rosa Bialorucki, the only bidder and one of the five investors in the Lagrange Street Amusement Company. The Bialorucki family owned the theatre until 1974 when it was acquired by the Catholic Diocese of Toledo. It was sold to the Ohio Theatre, Inc., a non-profit management board in 2004, and sold again in 2009 to United North, formerly known as the Lagrange Development Corporation, a non-profit community development corporation. United North went out of business in 2019. The Ohio Theatre was purchased by Children&#39;s Theatre Workshop (CTW) in Nov 2020. They perform all their plays and musicals at the location as well as rent it for theatre, arts, dance, music, and other events. CTW received a $2.5 million grant to work on the marquee, the facade along with some campus improvements.</p><br>
<h2>Notable events</h2><br>
<p>1928 the movie Louise and the Haunted House required crowd control with people standing in line from 1 to 9 pm on New Year&#39;s Day.</p><br>
<p>1950 Dale Evans, Roy Rogers and Trigger (Roy&#39;s horse) appeared at the Ohio Theatre.</p><br>
<p>1953 the twin billing of The Long, Long Trailer starring Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz and Cheaper by the Dozen is the Ohio Theatre’s all-time biggest movie draw.</p><br>
<p>1960 the Democratic Party rented the Ohio Theatre for John F. Kennedy&#39;s presidential campaign.</p><br>
<p>The Toledo Area Theatre Organ Society has had their headquarters at the Ohio Theatre since 1977, and since 1985 has featured the former Rivoli Theatre&#39;s Marr and Colton theatre pipe organ.</p><br>
<p>In the 1990s, the Ohio Theatre hired professional children&#39;s theatre groups to develop programs to allow area children to perform in one-act plays.</p><br>
<p>The Ohio Theatre has hosted the Moscow Boys Choir, the Warsaw Wind Quartet, Neil Simon&#39;s The Odd Couple starring Jamie Farr and William Christopher, Mickey Rooney and his wife Jan Chamberlin, and the infam</p><br>
<p>In 2008, it was struck by lightning, the marquee fell off the building and it was completely obliterated and the facade was rendered unstable.</p><br>
<p>The Perth Amboy Ferry Slip, located on the Arthur Kill in Perth Amboy, Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States, was once a vital ferry slip for boats in New York Harbor.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the New Jersey Register of Historic Places and National Register of Historic Places in 1978. The ferry slip was restored in 1998 to its 1904 appearance. A replica of the ticket office has been constructed and is used as a small museum.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Perth Amboy is located at the mouth of the Raritan River at the Raritan Bay, an arm of the Lower New York Bay. Perth Amboy served as New Jersey&#39;s capital from 1686 until 1776. In 1684, it became the capital of East Jersey and remained so after the union of East and West Jersey in 1702, becoming an alternate colonial capital with Burlington until 1776. Ferry service at the site dates back to 1684. During the colonial era and for a long thereafter, Perth Amboy was an important way-station for travel between New York City and Philadelphia, providing the waterways used by the ferry service originally set up by Cornelius Vanderbilt, who later became known as "The Commodore". The slip was later used to transport newly arrived immigrants from Ellis Island, many of whom remained in the town.</p><br>
<p>The native Lenape provided crossings to settlers as early as 1680.</p><br>
<p>The longest-running ferry service crossed the Arthur Kill to Tottenville, Staten Island, with regular service beginning in 1709 or 1719 operated by Christopher Billopp. Steam service was introduced in the late 19th century by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and ran until 1943, and was served by the Staten Island Railway at the Tottenville station. In the early motoring age the ferry was an important link for travelers to the Jersey Shore It became less important with the 1928 opening of the Outerbridge Crossing, but continued operating until October 17, 1963.</p><br>
<p>The Northampton County Courthouse Historic District is a nine-acre historic district in Northampton County, Virginia. The district is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Three buildings are located on the property: A courthouse and a clerk&#39;s office , and a prison . The buildings house documents dating back to 1632. It is included in the Eastville Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse was constructed by John Marshall, a Founding Father of the United States, in 1731 at the cost of 50,000 pounds of tobacco. Built in Flemish bond style, the brick building measured approximately 35 feet by 23 feet. The Clerk&#39;s Office was built adjacent to the courthouse. It features diagonally-battened door fastens and an unusual assortment of variously sized paving stones.</p><br>
<p>The building remained in use through 1795, when another courthouse was constructed nearby. It was then turned into a storehouse for a rent of $1 per year, on the condition that the new lessee would fund a new roof for the building.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>The court house remained in the possession of the original lessee and his descendants until it was purchased by the county in 1913 for $4,000. Preservation Virginia had the building moved to its current location, near the Clerks Office. Using funds from the County of Northampton, the local Preservation Virginia Branch, and a grant from the parent Preservation Virginia, the 1731 Courthouse, Clerks Office, and the Debtor&#39;s Prison underwent extensive repair in the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>The buildings are owned by the County of Northampton, Virginia. The Northampton Historic Preservation Society (formerly the Northampton Branch of Preservation Virginia) works as an advocate with County Supervisors and personnel to maintain the preservation of the entire Eastville Court Green and its buildings. The courthouse includes a museum, which along with the three buildings is open daily during regular business hours from April through October.</p><br>
<p>The Eastville Court Green is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (2009) and the Virginia Landmarks Register (2009).</p><br>
<p>The Kearny Cottage is a historic home in Perth Amboy, Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States. It is open to the public as a historic house museum and is operated by Kearny Cottage Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>Built in 1781, it was originally located on High Street but was moved to Sadowski Parkway when the last Kearny descendant died in the 1920s. The building was later moved again to where it now stands at 63 Catalpa Avenue, just inland from the mouth of the Raritan River. The four-room cottage is a museum operated by Kearny Cottage Historical Society and serves as a repository for many items donated by citizens of Perth Amboy reflecting the maritime history of its owners and the city. A colonial garden is located on the grounds.</p><br>
<p>The cottage was home Elizabeth Lawrence Kearny, the poet Lady Scribblerus, and Michael Kearny. Their son, Lawrence Kearny was born and died in the house. Commodore Kearny was famous for his open door trade policy with China and he was known as “the Sailor Diplomat.”</p><br>
<p>The house is listed on the New Jersey Register of Historic Places and National Register of Historic Places as the Lawrence Kearny House</p><br>
<p>The Metamora Crossroads Historic District is a historic district centered at the intersection of Oak and High Street in the small village of Metamora in Metamora Township in Lapeer County, Michigan. It was designated as a Michigan State Historic Site and also added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 19, 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The historic district comprises 3.5 acres (1.4 hectares) and fifteen buildings, fourteen of which contribute to the historic character of the district. These structures consist of various functions and architecture, including Greek Revival, Gothic Revival, and Italianate architecture. The 15 buildings include ten commercial structures, four houses, and a church. Most of the buildings were built between 1850 and 1910, and several of them still retain their original purpose. The White Horse Inn, located at 1 East High Street, is promoted as Michigan&#39;s oldest continually running restaurant since first opening in 1850.</p><br>
<p>The district includes:</p><br>
<p>Ammerman Building / Hoard House (now the White Horse Inn): A Greek Revival style village store built in 1850 by Daniel Ammerman.</p><br>
<p>House: Two-story Greek Revival house built about 1850.</p><br>
<p>Barrows Building: A wood-framed building covered in clapboard, built in about 1866 by Eber Barrows.</p><br>
<p>Wilder Brothers building: A two-story wood-framed building covered in clapboard, built in about 1870 by the Wilder brothers.</p><br>
<p>House: Two-story Italianate house built about 1870.</p><br>
<p>Pilgrim Congregational Church: A Gothic-style church built in 1878.</p><br>
<p>Stone Building: A two-story Italianate commercial building built in 1879 by Dr. David Stone.</p><br>
<p>Metamora Township Hall and Opera House: A single-story red-brick Romanesque Revival structure built in 1888.</p><br>
<p>Bank Building: Single-story red-brick building constructed in about 1890.</p><br>
<p>Henderson Building: Single-story red-brick building with Queen Anne and Italianate elements, constructed in about 1890.</p><br>
<p>Masonic Lodge: A two-story red-brick building constructed in 1907 by Marion Barnes as a combination store and Masonic Temple.</p><br>
<p>Commercial Building: A single-story commercial building built in 1911.</p><br>
<p>Pilgrim Congregational Church parsonage: Two-story wood-framed parsonage built about 1930.</p><br>
<p>Walker House: A -story post-World War II house</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>"Barrows Corners," as Metamora was originally known, was first settled in 1839 by Eber Barrows. He constructed a log way station at this site in 1843 to shelter travelers heading north. In 1848, Territorial Road was opened through the settlement, and soon a number of competing hotels were opened in the area. To keep pace, Barrow modernized his way station and renamed it the Northern Exchange Hotel. In 1850, Daniel Ammerman built the first store in Barrows Corners. The building was eventually enlarged into Lorenzo Hoard&#39;s House, another establishment for travelers. Around this time, agriculture became more important in the area, as farmers began raising sheep and apples. Metamora became the center of the surrounding agricultural community, with a blacksmith, wagon shop, and soon two doctors.</p><br>
<p>A number of commercial buildings were constructed by Eber Barrows and the Wilder Brothers in the late 1860s. In 1872, the Detroit and Bay City Railway constructed a line through the village, and Metamora became a hub for the transport of local goods. Brick commercial buildings gradually replaced earlier frame ones, and new churches and schools were constructed. In 1888 the Town Hall and Opera House was built, and a few more structures were built by 1910. As the automobile rose in the 1910s, Metamora began to lose residents to Flint and Pontiac. By the 1920s, new owners in the rural area were breeding horses and running hunt clubs. The village shops continued to provide convenient shopping to residents, and so remained in use. Development of this core area ceased prior to World War I, preserving the early architecture.</p><br>
<p>Hatfield Cemetery is cemetery located near Sarah Ann, Logan County, West Virginia. The earliest burial dates to 1898, and is the grave of Captain S. Hatfield . The cemetery features the grave and monument with a life-size statue of Captain Anderson "Devil Anse" Hatfield, erected in 1926. It is notable as a burial place for members of the Hatfield family, early settlers of the region and participants in the famous Hatfield-McCoy feud during the 19th century. It is a companion to the Hatfield Cemetery near Newtown, West Virginia.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Hatfield Cemetery is a historic cemetery located near Newtown, Mingo County, West Virginia. The earliest burial dates to 1881, and is the grave of Ephraim Hatfield. The cemetery contains over 100 burials including Ellison Hatfield, brother of Captain Anderson "Devil Anse" Hatfield, whose killing by three sons of Randolph McCoy at an election in Pike County, Kentucky, in 1882 is generally regarded as the beginning of the famous Hatfield-McCoy Feud. It is a companion to the Hatfield Cemetery near Sarah Ann, West Virginia.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>R. T. Price House is a historic home located at Williamson, Mingo County, West Virginia. It was designed by noted West Virginia architect Levi J. Dean and built about 1940. It has a -story main block with one story east and west wings. It has side gable roofs, and is faced in red brick. The house exhibits design features in the Tudor Revival style.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>Elven C. Smith House is a historic home located at Williamson, Mingo County, West Virginia. It was built in 1938, in a Neo-Classical Revival / Georgian Revival style. It is a red brick building with a hipped roof and features a two-story, flat roofed portico supported by fluted columns. Also on the property is a stone retaining wall and monumental stairway in the landscaped gardens.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Bennett Cockayne House is a historic home located at Glen Dale, Marshall County, West Virginia. It was built about 1850, in a vernacular I-house style. It is a two-story, wood-frame building with wooden clapboard siding and a slate roof. Also on the property are a contributing supply shed  and water pump . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Built by Moundsville postmaster Bennett Cockayne c. 1850, the Cockayne house served as the first school house in what would later be known as the town of Glen Dale, WV. Samuel A. J. purchased sheep, cattle, hogs and other livestock from distant farms in order to produce the finest product.</p><br>
<p>In 1877, the farm was published in what some historians now consider to be “the most extraordinary county atlas produced in the Nineteenth-Century” when a lithograph of the farm was included in the Illustrated Atlas of the Upper Ohio River Valley from Pittsburgh to Cincinnati. Samuel A. J. and his wife, Hannah Jane Alexander, whom he married in 1863, continued to work the farm for the rest of their lives and by the time their son, Samuel A., inherited the farmhouse and most of the farm in 1917, it had been renamed Glendale Farm.</p><br>
<p>Samuel A. carried on the farming tradition of the family and earned the designation of “county wool dealer” in 1917. He gathered wool from local farmers and, combined with his own wool, distributed products to eastern markets. In 1924, Samuel A. oversaw the naming of the town of Glen Dale in honor of the farm and, in the 1930s, he became a member of the Washington District board of education and postmaster of the city of Glen Dale.</p><br>
<p>Samuel A.&#39;s son, Samuel A. J., took over the running of the family farm after serving in the military in World War II. After the war, and following the death of his parents, Samuel A. J. became increasingly reclusive. Although he continued to farm the land, until he sold part of it in order to make way for John Marshall High School in 1965, he chose to spend the majority of his life in only two rooms of the mansion. The house remained in the nineteenth century style, and now features over 1,500 family relics such as photographs and oil paintings of early descendants, a square grand piano complete with original bill of sale issued in 1881, books dating from the 1700s, handwritten letters from the 1800s and handmade furniture from over 200 years ago.</p><br>
<p>Samuel A. J. donated the house and its contents upon his passing in 2001. The city immediately began a partnership with the Marshall County Historical Society, aiding and expediting the efforts of the community to document, preserve and restore the Cockayne properties. The first major accomplishment of the Cockayne Historical Preservation Committee, which works within the Marshall County Historical Society, was the induction of the Cockayne Property into the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The McMechen Lockmaster Houses on the Ohio River, also known as the Ohio River Lock & Dam No. 13, were a set of two historic homes located at McMechen, Marshall County, West Virginia. They were built by the Army Corps of Engineers in 1910, to house the lockmaster&#39;s family and engineer. They were set side by side and are mirror images of each other. They were 2½ stories high, with a brick first floor and aggregate stucco above in the Tudor Revival style. They feature vertical wood half-timbering, angled on the gable ends.</p><br>
<p>They were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>Zoar is a historic former farmstead located within Zoar State Forest near the Aylett community in King William County, Virginia. It is also known as Mount Zoar, Upper Zoar, and Lower Zoar. The property, held by members of the Pollard family for over 200 years until donation to the Commonwealth includes 6 contributing buildings and 2 contributing sites. The current main house, built in 1901, is a 1 1/2-story Queen Anne style single-family frame dwelling. Contributing buildings include the smokehouse, kitchen / servant&#39;s quarters, dairy, corn crib and barn, horsefield, and family cemetery.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The Homestead Farm at Oak Ridge is a historic house and grounds located in Oak Ridge Park in the township of Clark in Union County, New Jersey and extending into the township of Edison in Middlesex County. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 25, 1995, for its significance in architecture, exploration/settlement, law, military history, and politics/government. In addition to the building, the listing includes three contributing sites and one contributing object.</p><br>
<h2>History and description</h2><br>
<p>The oldest part of the house was built. The site was formerly known as Ash Swamp and played a pivotal role in the Battle of Short Hills during the American Revolutionary War.</p><br>
<p>The home is associated with Judge Hugh Hartshorne Bowne. The Squire Hartshorne House and the Robinson Plantation House are other homes from the 18th century located in Clark. In May 2009, the Union County Board of Chosen Freeholders announced its support of preservation of the building site.</p><br>
<p>Pioneer Park, also known as the Henry Webber House or the Webber–Paepcke House, is located on West Bleeker Street in Aspen, Colorado, United States. It is a brick structure erected in the 1880s, one of the few such homes in the city. In 1987 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Henry Webber, its builder, was a shoe merchant who grew wealthy from his mining investments during Aspens original growth during the Colorado Silver Boom. The house is said to be haunted by the ghost of his wife Harriet, who died under controversial circumstances. It is the only intact house in the Second Empire architectural style in the city, particularly on the interior. At one time it was owned by Walter Paepcke, the Chicago businessman who led Aspens mid-20th-century renaissance as a ski resort town.</p><br>
<p>While Paepcke owned the house, he invited Albert Schweitzer to Aspen to give the keynote speech at a festival he organized to commemorate Johann Wolfgang von Goethes bicentennial. It was Schweitzers only visit to the USA, and he stayed in the carriage house at the rear of the property. Today that building, a contributing resource to the Register listing, is known as Schweitzer Cottage. The house remains a private residence.</p><br>
<h2>Building and grounds</h2><br>
<p>The house is located on the north side of West Bleeker between North Third and North Fourth streets in Aspen&#39;s residential West End. Main Street (State Highway 82) is a block to the south, and the commercial areas of downtown several blocks east. The terrain is flat, with Aspen Mountain rising abruptly and steeply two blocks to the south.</p><br>
<p>The lot occupies the entire southern half of the block below the alley midway between it and West Hallam Street to the north. Its eastern section is a landscaped area with mature cottonwood trees and curving walkways. The house itself sits in the western portion of the property, near the middle of the frontage.</p><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>It is a one-and-a-half-story brick structure, three bays by two, topped by a shingled mansard roof. Behind the main block is a smaller rear addition. A long rectangular section projects to the west from the rear addition, putting the house on the north and east of its swimming pool. Along the front are an original iron fence and a line of tall mature mixed evergreen and deciduous trees.</p><br>
<p>The south (front) facade has two projecting polygonal bays with double-hung one-over-one sash windows, flanking the main entrance, double wooden doors reached by low, wide semicircular brick steps. "Pioneer Park" is written on the glass transom. Above it is a brick course connecting all the brick arches above the windows and the transom; it is complemented by another course at the base.</p><br>
<p>Above the bracketed cornice the roof flares slightly, creating overhanging eaves. Three pedimented dormer windows with double-hung one-over-one sash pierce the steep face of the mansard roof on the upper story; the central one is additionally set in a projecting trapezoid. Above the windows the nearly flat roof peaks in the center. On the east and west sides fenestration consists of three narrow windows on the sides with a wider window in the center, all with the same one-over-one double-hung sash as the front windows. There are only two dormers on those faces. In the rear is a two-story kitchen wing with a one-story clapboard-sided timber frame addition on its west.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>Wide semicircular brick steps rise to the main entrance, consisting of paneled double doors set with etched glass windows. They open into an interior that abounds in original black walnut woodwork. It is used for the doors, door and window surrounds, baseboards and stairway. Unusually, it is even used upstairs.</p><br>
<p>All rooms on the first floor have high ceilings, with the doors nearly reaching them. To the east is the living room, whose ceiling has wide molding and a plaster medallion in the center from which a chandelier hangs. In the wall is a carved marble fireplace. Opposite is a room that was used either as a library or parlor. Its fireplace has a painted wooden surround. Carved panels on its face have an abstract design; brackets support the mantelpiece.</p><br>
<h3>Outbuildings</h3><br>
<p>There are several outbuildings. A garage sits next to the house. In the northeast corner is a wooden octagonal summer house. The carriage house, the only outbuilding to be considered contributing to the property&#39;s historic character, is similar in appearance to the main house. It is located on the west, facing North Fourth Street at the alley, with several small brick additions on that side.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Henry Webber arrived in Aspen with his wife Harriet from the East in 1880. She was one of 13 women who spent that winter in what was still a mining camp. At that time it was beginning to transform from a small collection of log cabins into a more permanent settlement due to the many lodes of silver being mined from the surrounding mountains. The couple started a business selling and repairing shoes and clothing. The Webbers also began investing in local mines.</p><br>
<p>Both businesses succeeded, making them wealthy, but Harriet Webber was unable to enjoy it. In 1881 she died of an overdose of strychnine, then available over the counter as a tranquilizer. Her last words, "Henry will know", led to rumors that her death was either a suicide or murder brought on by a rumored extramarital affair between him and her niece. In the end it was ruled accidental.</p><br>
<p>Webber became city treasurer in 1883. Harriets ghost is said to haunt the house he built two years later. Aspens newly successful were building homes in a variety of Victorian styles in the citys West End. Webber, who also built downtown Aspens Elks Building, used the Second Empire mode for his house, not a common choice at the time in the city. It is the only one that remains intact in Aspen today, along with its original iron fence along the street.</p><br>
<p>Later Webber served a term as mayor of Aspen, elected despite revelations that he had abandoned a wife and family prior to marrying Harriet. Shortly after that time, the Sherman Silver Purchase Act was repealed and the citys economy began to contract. The decades afterward, as its population declined from over 10,000 to 500 by 1930, are called "the quiet years". Many buildings and houses from the boom years were abandoned and succumbed to fire and/or the effects of severe winters at high elevation in the Rocky Mountains. The Pioneer Park house survived because after Webbers death in 1911,</p><br>
<p>In 1944 it was purchased by Walter Paepcke, a Chicago businessman who, along with his wife Elizabeth, had seen the potential Aspen offered for the development of a ski resort and financed the initial development of the Aspen Mountain ski area. The Paepckes also began efforts to make Aspen a cultural center. They are regarded as the founders of modern Aspen as a result.</p><br>
<p>As one aspect of this, in 1949 Walter Paepcke, working with University of Chicago chancellor Robert Maynard Hutchins, organized a conference and festival in Aspen to commemorate the bicentennial of German poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. They invited German humanist Albert Schweitzer to come from his missionary and medical work in West Africa to give the festivals keynote address; it would be his only visit to the United States during the 90 years of his life. While in Aspen, as Paepckes guest, he stayed in the carriage house on the Pioneer Park property. It has since been named Schweitzer Cottage in his memory and designated a local landmark.</p><br>
<p>Paepcke painted the house pink while he owned it; since then it has been painted light tan. He and Elizabeth built the summer house and garage. They may also have built the additions on the carriage house, and added the marble fireplace in the living room. At some point after 1980 the additional wings on the building and the swimming pool were added. The trees along the street and the property line have also been allowed to mature, isolating and shading the house. There have been no other significant changes to the property.</p><br>
<p>Cameron City Pool-PWA Project 1196 is a historic swimming pool located at Cameron, Marshall County, West Virginia. It was built in 1939, with a grant from the Public Works Administration. It consists of a semi-circular pool with underwater lifeguard station, and a wooden bath house. It incorporates a beach area and is recognized as a potential fire fighting emergency water reserve.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
